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              <text>Wilhelm und Wilhelmine Gründer and later Willy Dubrau.</text>
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              <text>1924-1931</text>
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              <text>Schwerinstraße 13, Berlin-Schöneberg</text>
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              <text>Frequented by lesbians and queer women. "Zigeunerlotte," and "Rheinische Käthe" were two important figures at the club. Claire Waldoff would perform here. Anita Berber and Marlene Dietrich were reportedly guests at the club.</text>
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                <text>A primarily lesbian bar/club that was open in Berlin. Located at Schwerinstrasse 13 (near Nollendorfplatz) and was in operation between 1924-1931. It was previously known as "Westend-Ressource" during the German Empire and was renamed to "Gründers Festsäle" after the owners. It is unclear how it came to be known as Toppkeller. In 1924, "The Pyramid Lottery Club" began meeting at Toppkeller and is what established the institution's reputation as a lesbian meeting place. Two of the important organizers were known as the "Zigeunerlotte" and the "Rheinische Käthe." In 1929, Willy Dubrau, an innkeeper, took over Toppkeller from the founders. According to the Goethe Institute, "Berlin singer Claire Waldoff would sport a men’s suit whilst performing her political songs on stage to a crowd including the likes of dancer Anita Berber and even Marlene Dietrich." All in all, it was a famous meeting place for lesbian people "who wanted to live out their sexuality." It has also been known as Westend-Ressource or Gründers Festsäle in the past.</text>
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                <text>Danielle Miron</text>
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                <text>Weimar Berlin, 1924-1931</text>
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                <text>Hader, Regine. “The Last Hundred Queer Years in Germany.” n.d. @GI_weltweit. https://www.goethe.de/ins/us/en/kul/wir/22294995.html. &lt;br /&gt;“Toppkeller.” 2024. In Wikipedia. https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toppkeller&amp;amp;oldid=250316286.</text>
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              <text>Carla Pahlau</text>
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              <text>Warschauer Pl. 18, 10245 Berlin, Germany</text>
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                <text>Gay Club/Disco </text>
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                <text>A LGBTQ+ nightclub in Berlin with a resident DJ. It opened in 1986 under the German Democatic Republic in East Berlin and was one of the first gay clubs that was approved to open. It opened on Buschalle (where the club gets its name from) in Weißensee in a large, multipurpose warehouse-type building. It then moved once to Mühlenstrasse during the 1990s where it was once again in a large multi-purpose hall with other clubs, such as Ostgut, Razzle Dazzle, and NonTox. It then moved to Warschauer Platz, which is where it is now. It has two floors and a lot of room to dance, as it is a traditional Disco for queer folks.</text>
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                <text>German Democratic Republic/Cold War Berlin and present time. </text>
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                <text>Der Tagesspiegel Online. n.d. “Berlin: Die ausgefallene Partylocation hat ausgedient und muß auf Butterfahrt gehen.” Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/die-ausgefallene-partylocation-hat-ausgedient-und-muss-auf-butterfahrt-gehen-619486.html"&gt;https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/die-ausgefallene-partylocation-hat-ausgedient-und-muss-auf-butterfahrt-gehen-619486.html&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Huneke, Samuel Clowes. 2019. “Gay Liberation Behind the Iron Curtain.” &lt;em&gt;Boston Review,&lt;/em&gt; April 18, 2019. &lt;a href="https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/gay-liberation-behind-iron-curtain/"&gt;https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/gay-liberation-behind-iron-curtain/&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;“Kriminalisiert und von der Stasi beobachtet: Lesben in der DDR.” 2020. &lt;em&gt;Berliner Kurier,&lt;/em&gt; September 6, 2020. &lt;a href="https://www.berliner-kurier.de/panorama/kriminalisiert-und-von-der-stasi-beobachtet-lesben-in-der-ddr-li.103236.%20Middle-Ad8203"&gt;https://www.berliner-kurier.de/panorama/kriminalisiert-und-von-der-stasi-beobachtet-lesben-in-der-ddr-li.103236&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Mister B&amp;amp;B. n.d. “Die Busche, Berlin – Reiseführer Zu Schwulenclubs.” Accessed February 21, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.misterbandb.com/de/gay-guide/deutschland/berlin/50-bars-clubs/21843-die-busche."&gt;https://www.misterbandb.com/de/gay-guide/deutschland/berlin/50-bars-clubs/21843-die-busche.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Relaxed Gay Bars in Berlin.” Reddit, R/AskBerliners, August 2024. &lt;a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/askberliners/comments/1ejpube/relaxed_gay_bars_in_berlin/"&gt;www.reddit.com/r/askberliners/comments/1ejpube/relaxed_gay_bars_in_berlin/&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Staff, Newsdesk. 2023. “Asyl&amp;shy;bewerber&amp;shy;heim vor LGBTIQ-Club Busche?” &lt;em&gt;Mannschaft,&lt;/em&gt; September 8, 2023. &lt;a href="https://mannschaft.com/a/busche-asylbewerberinnenheim-vor-lgbtiq-club"&gt;https://mannschaft.com/a/busche-asylbewerberinnenheim-vor-lgbtiq-club&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;TipBerlin. n.d. “Clubs im Berlin der 1990er-Jahre: Diese Orte waren prägend.” Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.tip-berlin.de/konzerte-party/clubs/clubs-berlin-1990er-jahre/."&gt;https://www.tip-berlin.de/konzerte-party/clubs/clubs-berlin-1990er-jahre/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Travel Gay. n.d. “Die Busche, Berlin - Schwule LGBT-Tanzparty in Berlin - Travel Gay.” Accessed February 21, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.travelgay.de/venue/die-busche."&gt;https://www.travelgay.de/venue/die-busche.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wells, Alexander. 2021. “Cruising through Berlin’s Queer History.” &lt;em&gt;The Berliner,&lt;/em&gt; June 7, 2021. &lt;a href="https://www.the-berliner.com/politics/berlin-queer-history-huneke/"&gt;https://www.the-berliner.com/politics/berlin-queer-history-huneke/&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Whitlam, Jonny. 2024. “How Berlin’s Lost Queer Bars Look Today: Exploring Weimar Berlin with Dr. Finn Ballard — Whitlam’s Berlin Tours.”&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Whitlam's Berlin Tours,&lt;/em&gt; February 26, 2024. &lt;a href="https://www.whitlams-berlin-tours.com/tips-for-your-trip/how-berlins-lost-queer-bars-look-today."&gt;https://www.whitlams-berlin-tours.com/tips-for-your-trip/how-berlins-lost-queer-bars-look-today.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wick, Anemi. 2004. “Clubszene bleibt in Bewegung.” &lt;em&gt;Berliner Morgenpost, &lt;/em&gt;November 5, 2004. &lt;a href="https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article103700505/Clubszene-bleibt-in-Bewegung.html."&gt;https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article103700505/Clubszene-bleibt-in-Bewegung.html.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yelp. n.d. “DIE BUSCHE - Updated February 2025 - 110 Photos &amp;amp; 37 Reviews - Warschauer Platz 18, Berlin, Germany - Dance Clubs - Phone Number - Yelp.” Accessed February 21, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.yelp.com/biz/die-busche-berlin."&gt;https://www.yelp.com/biz/die-busche-berlin.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>VisitBerlin. n.d. “Die Busche - LGBTI*Club | visitBerlin.de.” Accessed February 21, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.visitberlin.de/de/die-busche."&gt;https://www.visitberlin.de/de/die-busche.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Juan Julià, founder of Axel Hotels. &#13;
Albert Olivé is the current CEO. </text>
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              <text>Geared towards younger gay men.</text>
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                <text>This is a hotel aimed at members of the LGBTQ+ community and is advertised as a "hetero-friendly hotel." In Berlin, it is known as "the Grindr hotel" and is an adults-only hotel. It is located in Schöneberg, which is considered to be the center of queer culture in Berlin. The hotel's motto is as follows: "Without judgment or prejudice," which applies to all branches of the hotel. According to their reviews, the clientele is mainly younger men and the wellness (or spa) area is clothing optional cruising area. According to one reviewer, "The answer to ‘does [insert activity] happen?’ the answer is yes." Their websites states that Axel Berlin is "a temple of rebelliousness. An elegant and majestic building where passion becomes a sacred act of connection and discovery. Diversity is not only respected; it is celebrated without fear or shame. And freedom is a right that is acquired when coming through the door." It is part of a chain of hotels that opened its first hotel in 2003 in Barcelona and now has many locations. The Berlin location is Berlin's most iconic and famous gay hotel and accommodates mostly gay men but is welcoming to all.</text>
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                <text>Arestis, Stefan. 2020. “Axel Gay Hotels: Why We Love Them so Much! • Gay Hotels.” &lt;em&gt;Nomadic Boys&lt;/em&gt; (blog). August 5, 2020. &lt;a href="https://nomadicboys.com/the-best-axel-hotels-in-the-world/"&gt;https://nomadicboys.com/the-best-axel-hotels-in-the-world/&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Firmager, Tim. 2022. “Axel Hotel, Berlin - What to Really Expect.” September 1, 2022. &lt;a href="https://vadamagazine.com/lifestyle/travel/axel-hotel-berlin-what-to-really-expect."&gt;https://vadamagazine.com/lifestyle/travel/axel-hotel-berlin-what-to-really-expect.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;James. 2022. “Axel Hotel Berlin Review, The Best Decision You’re About to Make!” Designing Life (blog). November 11, 2022. &lt;a href="https://designinglife.biz/axel-hotel-berlin-review/"&gt;https://designinglife.biz/axel-hotel-berlin-review/&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Mister B&amp;amp;B. “Axel Hotel Berlin - Adults Only, Gay Hotel in Berlin - Book Now!” n.d. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.misterbandb.com/rooms/b157228-hotel"&gt;https://www.misterbandb.com/rooms/b157228-hotel&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Axel Hotels. “Axel Hotel Berlin - Adults Only | ✔️Official Website of Axel Hotels✔️.” n.d. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.axelhotels.com/en/axel-hotel-berlin/hotel."&gt;https://www.axelhotels.com/en/axel-hotel-berlin/hotel.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Axel Hotels. “Since 2003 | Axel Hotels, Official Website.” n.d. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.axelhotels.com/en/since-2003"&gt;https://www.axelhotels.com/en/since-2003&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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          <name>Dates</name>
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          <name>Address</name>
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                <text>The ART Connection Hotel is a boutique hotel in Schöneberg that is open for the queer community and is tolerant of all people. It is centrally located to the rest of the popular queer spots in Berlin. It has a friendly atmosphere, is dog friendly, and is an LGBTQ+ hotel. It was previously a building of rentable rooms with the first floor being a club, and has since been transformed into what it is today—a small hotel on the third floor of the building. The first floor of the building that this hotel is in is Prinzknecht, a club exclusively for gay men. The building was built in 1910 and in 1928 another floor was added to it. In 1974, "Chez Romy Haag" was opened on the first floor and then sold in 1983. The Connection Club was then opened in 1989 in the same location and was a popular queer space. It seems that this space (specifically the third floor) has held temporary accommodations since the 1960s. In April 1999, the "Männerkneipe Prinzknecht" opened on the first floor of the hotel and is one of the most well-known meeting place for queer folks in the city. In 2009, the hotel was sold to new management and became the boutique hotel that it is today. It was the only hotel managed by folks from the queer community in West Berlin before the wall fell. Today it is a nice, welcoming space for all queer folks.</text>
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                <text>“Historie.” n.d. &lt;em&gt;ART Hotel Connection&lt;/em&gt; (blog). Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.arthotel-connection.de/historie/"&gt;https://www.arthotel-connection.de/historie/&lt;/a&gt;. “Team.” n.d. &lt;em&gt;ART Hotel Connection&lt;/em&gt; (blog). Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.arthotel-connection.de/team/"&gt;https://www.arthotel-connection.de/team/&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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              <text>Karl-Heinz 'Kalle' Klatt, owner. </text>
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                <text>This pub is considered to be the heart of Berlin's LGBTQ+ nightlife and is a club for exclusively men. It is just next to Club Connection (a renowned gay club) and a few floors down from ART Hotel Connection (an LGBTQ+ hotel). It is leather-friendly, bear-friendly, and pup-friendly. It operates under the motto "come as a stranger, leave as a friend."</text>
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                <text>“Prinzknecht.” n.d. Prinzknecht. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.prinzknecht-berlin.de/"&gt;https://www.prinzknecht-berlin.de/&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Danielle Miron. 2025. “ART Hotel Connection.” &lt;em&gt;Berlin Maps&lt;/em&gt;, accessed March 13, 2025, &lt;span class="citation-url"&gt;https://berlinmaps.knoxabolitionlab.org/admin/items/show/75&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;“Prinzknecht | visitBerlin.De.” n.d. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.visitberlin.de/en/prinzknecht."&gt;https://www.visitberlin.de/en/prinzknecht.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;“Prinzknecht - WhereIs.Gay.” n.d. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://whereis.gay/listing/prinzknecht/"&gt;https://whereis.gay/listing/prinzknecht/&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;“Prinzknecht (Berlin) on GayCities.” n.d. Accessed March 11, 2025. &lt;a href="https://berlin.gaycities.com/bars/1467-prinzknecht"&gt;https://berlin.gaycities.com/bars/1467-prinzknecht&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>The Nationalhof served during its operation as a space for queer gatherings both in entertainment and in political activism. Many clubs frequently met in the space and the space frequently hosted queer specific events. </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/queerspiegel/das-quartier-der-lesbischen-liebe-3648202.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Berliner Höfe (3): Nationalhof in Schöneberg: The Quarter of Lesbian Love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Along with being a place for queer people to enjoy themselves freely in a way that heterosexual people are consistently offered, the National Hof also served as a place for political gathering. Because of its welcoming atmosphere, many lectures on queer issues happened within its walls.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.himmelreich-berlin.de/about"&gt;About: Cafe-Bar Himmelreich - queer in Friedrichshain&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text> Thomas Brüggemann</text>
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(U-Bhf. Nollendorfplatz)</text>
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                <text>This community center sports counseling services, HIV testing, and legal support. It has supported gay men in Berlin since 1986 and offers help for anything related to their queerness.</text>
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                <text>Strip club with a bar and "amateurish transvestite revue" for entertainment. Workers were known to give oral sex to male clients backstage while their wives remained by the bar and stage.</text>
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                <text>Gordon, Mel. Voluptuous Panic: The Erotic World of Weimar Berlin (Expanded Edition). New York: Feral House, 2006.</text>
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